Sarah Grevy Gotfredsen and Kaylee Williams are the authors of this article. Gotfredsen is a computational investigative fellow at the Tow Center for Digital Journalism at Columbia University. She works on a range of computational projects on the digital media landscape, including influence operations conducted through news media and the information ecosystem. She graduated from Columbia University in 2022 with an MS degree in data journalism. Williams is a Ph.D. student at Columbia Journalism School, specializing in technology-facilitated gender-based violence, with a particular emphasis on generative AI and nonconsensual intimate imagery. Prior to her doctoral studies, she was a research fellow at Harvard University's Shorenstein Center for Media, Politics & Public Policy, where she investigated coordinated disinformation and cyberharassment campaigns. When time permits, she also covers tech policy and social media platforms as a freelance journalist. She holds a master of arts in political science from Columbia University.
