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This article was also published by Guardian US.
As campaigning in Iowa enters the home stretch, the Democratic candidates for president are finally at the starting gate, and mixed horserace metaphors are everywhere. Over the weekend, it felt as if today’s caucuses in the state—which typically are an all-consuming story on their eve—were themselves in a race for media attention, nosing out in front of Trump’s impeachment, the coronavirus, the Super Bowl, and other big stories. We heard about candidates’ “jockeying”—“for an edge” and “over notions about electability”—and that “the horse race has overtaken policy as a focus right now.” And that was just in the New York Times.
On Saturday, the handicappers in the political press waited for an update on the running: the final Des Moines Register poll of the cycle. (The poll, conducted by local pollster Ann Selzer, has traditionally been a useful guide to the result; ahead of its planned release, David Weigel, of the Washington Post, called it “an event of nearly religious importance.”) Then, a shock stumble: the poll was pulled at the last minute, after a respondent informed Pete Buttigieg’s campaign that Buttigieg had not been offered to them as an option. The Register wrote in a note that “while this appears to be isolated to one surveyor, that could not be confirmed with certainty”; CNN, which was also involved with the poll, said it was scrapped “out of an abundance of caution.” Lis Smith, who speaks for Buttigieg’s campaign, praised both outlets for their integrity, as did prominent journalists like Art Cullen, editor of Iowa’s Storm Lake Times. Still, the cancelation left a hole in CNN’s schedule; it had planned to give the poll an hour of airtime. (As the data guru Nate Silver noted, planning to obsess over a single poll for so long is silly, for reasons that go far beyond unexpected technical problems.) CNN wasn’t the only outlet to be inconvenienced. Sunday shows on other networks appeared to have been blindsided, too.
ICYMI: Why did Matt Drudge turn on Donald Trump?
Looking through the holes left by the poll, our obsession with the horserace was clear to see. The preponderance of such framing is a favorite punching bag for many media critics, who see it, variously, as trivial, unfair, and unreliable. Its defenders counter that knowing who’s up and who’s down is what elections are all about, and that this year, in particular, Democratic voters and candidates alike have been heavily preoccupied with the need to beat Donald Trump. (As the Times wrote on Saturday: “A 2020 primary season that was initially seen as a contest of ideas, with liberal activists largely setting the agenda,” has “given way” to the electability question.) This weekend, of all weekends, wasn’t all the horserace talk justified?
As ever, the problem, over the weekend, was one of proportionality. When it comes to campaign coverage, the press is not a passive actor—candidates and voters obsessing about electability isn’t an open invitation for us to do the same, not least because we have a habit of warping their ideas of who can win and who can’t. And the primary is not over: there’s still an awfully long way to go until a winner is crowned. It’s hardly like coverage of the race, to this point, has struck an appropriate balance between substance and handicapping. Some coverage of policy has been good, but more often, it’s been broad-strokes stuff, and preoccupied with positioning.
Even before Iowa, there’s been ample indication that the framing errors that shaped coverage in 2016 are being repeated, despite insistence, in many media circles, that we should avoid them. On Friday, Dean Baquet, executive editor of the Times, went on The Daily, the paper’s flagship podcast, to address mistakes he’s been accused of making in (and since) 2016, including “bothsidesism,” the Times’s handling of stolen information, and, prominently, horserace errors; Michael Barbaro, the host, asked Baquet to evaluate specific examples of coverage from the last cycle. But the discussion dealt more with the Times’s misreading of the field—Clinton was inevitable; Trump was impossible—than with the deeper problems of the horserace model. (Last year, Todd Gitlin reflected, for CJR, on the inadequacy of our collective self-criticism. Ahead of 2020, he wrote, “learning trivial lessons will not do.”)
This weekend alone, other specters of 2016 loomed large in coverage, too. In his Super Bowl “interview” (sic) with Sean Hannity, Trump sprayed insults about his Democratic rivals (“sleepy” Joe Biden; “short” Michael Bloomberg) that mainstream outlets eagerly amplified. (As I’ve written before, Trump’s insults are powerful rhetorical darts but the press tends to handle them carelessly.) Trump and Bloomberg’s “dueling Super Bowl ads” drove some coverage, too, proving again that paid publicity reliably begets free publicity. We even literally had a fresh round of Hillary v. Bernie coverage, fueled by recent sniping from Clinton, and by Rashida Tlaib, a Sanders surrogate, booing Clinton at a rally. Some of the Sunday shows took all this as fresh evidence that the Democrats are tearing themselves apart, which felt a bit contrived given that Clinton isn’t running, and that those who are have mostly behaved cordially til now (with some notable exceptions). Genuinely divergent ideas aren’t dangerous; they’re what elections should be about. Try telling Sunday show pundits that. (Yesterday, on ABC’s This Week, one of them called Sanders unelectable because he’s “a grumpy, angry person.” The host, George Stephanopoulos, instantly pivoted to socialism’s bad rep.)
Last month, CJR and The Guardian spoke with journalists and media-watchers about these errors and others, and how we might avoid them. Those we canvassed disagreed as to the ills of horserace coverage, specifically: Ben Smith, the editor of BuzzFeed (who is headed to the Times) said it was “dead”; Chris Hayes, of MSNBC, called it “fine.” Smith’s and Hayes’s respective audiences have different tastes, but Hayes added an important, universal caveat: the horserace, he said, is “a thing to cover, it’s just that that is not all you cover.” In Iowa and beyond, we should remember that. And we should ensure the other stuff we cover adds value, too.
Below, more on Iowa:
- How to read the results: For the first time, the Iowa caucuses will generate four separate types of result: caucusgoers’ first preferences; caucusgoers’ final preferences, taking into account any switching from nonviable candidates; pledged delegates to the Democratic National Convention; and the estimated number of delegates each candidate will take to the state convention—which is the traditional yardstick for the Iowa winner. The new rules, Nate Cohn writes for the Times, have the potential to generate confusion, and thus will pose a challenge for the press. Most outlets will stick with the traditional yardstick.
- Why Iowa?: Iowa’s first-in-the-nation status is questioned every cycle, but as several observers have noted, such questions have been louder than normal this year. For the Post, Dan Zak writes that caucus-year Iowa is a media construction; Tom Morain, an Iowa historian, told Zak that the state started going first for administrative reasons, but was quickly “descended upon by you journalist people looking for a story.” As I wrote recently, Iowa’s demographics—it’s mostly white—can distort our campaign coverage. On Saturday, the Post chose to center the state’s population of Latino voters—a small but growing demographic that has the potential to be a real caucus force.
- Up for debate: The Democratic National Committee is finally changing its debate-qualification rules: more emphasis will be placed on polling, and donor thresholds will be scrapped, meaning Bloomberg, who isn’t taking donations, will now be eligible. Critics, including Julián Castro, accused the DNC of a double standard: party bosses, they said, previously refused to change the rules to ensure a more diverse stage, but are now happy to benefit “a billionaire who’s buying his way into the race.” (The DNC says the donor threshold was only ever intended as a proxy for public support, and will be irrelevant once voting starts.) The new rules will first apply to the debate in Nevada, in mid February. The next debate is this Friday in New Hampshire.
- On your marks: The Times’s Michael M. Grynbaum profiles Iowa Starting Line, a scrappy news start-up that has made itself a “must-read” ahead of the caucuses. “Elite reporters follow it. Candidates care about it. And at a painful time in the local news business, its six-person staff has started to rival the Des Moines Register for scoops and influence in the first-in-the-nation presidential caucus,” Grynbaum writes.
- A historic press corps: For Politico Magazine, Adam Wren spoke with LGBTQ reporters covering Buttigieg, the first openly gay presidential candidate. Jonathan Capehart, of the Post, told Wren: “There are things that we notice in Mayor Pete that I think most, say, political reporters might not pick up on or even notice.”
- Cursed words: Yesterday, NBC News reported that one of its analysts overheard John Kerry—the former secretary of state, who is backing Biden—mulling a possible entry into the primary to stop “Bernie Sanders taking down the Democratic Party—down whole.” Kerry tweeted that he is not running, and that any report to the contrary “is fucking (or categorically) false.” He quickly replaced the tweet with a more sanitized version.
Other notable stories:
- This week, CJR has a series of features on faith and its intersection with journalism. First up this morning, Adam Piore explores the contradictions of Salem, an evangelical-founded media group with a stable of Christian radio stations. “This is not a group of folksy Ned Flanders types; the savvy of the men—they are almost all men—running Salem is impressive to behold,” Piore writes. “Which helps explain how it is possible to run a programming network that champions Jesus Christ, eternal salvation, and Donald Trump, all at once.” To see what’s coming up in our faith series, click here.
- Remember Trump’s Sharpie-doctored hurricane map? Late Friday, outlets including BuzzFeed and CNN obtained government emails about the episode under the Freedom of Information Act; they show that officials at the National Weather Service and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration reacted to the map with dismay. At one point, a staffer forwarded a media request with a one-word message: “HELP!!!”
- Last year, YouTube was accused of inaction after Carlos Maza, a media critic at Vox, complained that he was being harassed by Steven Crowder, a right-wing YouTuber. Maza took a break. Now he’s leaving Vox and moving his media-criticism show to YouTube; the platform is “evil,” Maza told The Verge, but he’ll work with it because there’s “absolutely nowhere else to go.” (In 2018, Justin Ray profiled Maza for CJR.)
- The Atlantic’s McKay Coppins checks in with The Dispatch—a site, launched recently by Jonah Goldberg and Stephen Hayes, that’s aiming to serve quality journalism to conservatives. The Dispatch, Coppins writes, “may end up answering a question with far-reaching implications: How big is the market for reality in today’s Republican Party?”
- In the UK, Dominic Cummings, a top adviser to Prime Minister Boris Johnson, is using “a network of mafia-style ‘snitches’” to spy on government aides who lunch with journalists. According to Tim Shipman, of The Times of London, Cummings has told aides not to accept freebies from reporters. (“The people’s government doesn’t take any favours.”)
- And CJR’s Lauren Harris asked The Knewz—a polka band from Buffalo, New York—what it thinks of Knewz, NewsCorp’s newly launched aggregator. Bandleader Tom Picciano told Harris that the band’s name is a play on the Buffalo News, its local paper.
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